La reciprocidad olvidada: reciprocidad negativa, moralidad y reproducción social.

Abstract

This article proposes the concept of «negative reciprocity» as a necessary and substantive aspect of the general concept of reciprocity. Reference to a moral domain is the central tenet that differentiates reciprocity from exchange. Reciprocity is based on a shared morality in its positive form and on the break, transformation or suspension of the moral order in its negative form. We contend that the concept of reciprocity is useful only when conceived simultaneously in its negative and positive forms as they are articulated in historical processes. We base our discussion on the ethnographic account of the social relations present among inmates in the Auschwitz concentration camp. However, a comparative perspective indicates that the «negative reciprocity» pervading Auschwitz´s social relations is an extreme example of a broader category of human interaction in no way unique.