Los apoyos sociales de los movimientos y regímenes fascistas en la Europa de entreguerras: 75 años de debate científico

Abstract

The object of this essay is to underline the essential elements of the peculiar process of construction and deconstruction in the “classic” interpretations of the social basis of fascism established in the four decades after the First World War. We describe how at the end of the sixties the three main interpretations of fascism (regarding its liberal origins, its radical democratic origins, Marxist interpretations respectively) experienced an epistemological crisis that led from theory to the historicising of fascism. In recent years, historians have begun an extensive revision of their views on the nature of the social basis of fascist and authoritarian movements and regimes during the inter-war period. This critical approach has not yet consolidated an alternative paradigm or interpretation but has created a new variety of themes, problems and debates, forming the present state of our knowledge on fascism in the beginning of the twenty-first century.