Campesinado y paisaje en la Edad Media: Modos de ver, modos de habitar

Álvaro Carvajal Castro

doi:10.3989/hispania.2023.011

Autores/as

Álvaro Carvajal Castro Universidad de Salamanca https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3216-503X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/hispania.2023.011

Palabras clave:

Edad Media, campesinalo, Inglaterra, paisaje, percepcion, toponímia

Resumen

Este estudio crítico analiza dos libros recientemente publicados sobre la percepción campesina del paisaje en la Inglaterra medieval. Se trata de dos obras que ensayan nuevas metodologías para el estudio de los paisajes medievales. Combinan el análisis de los registros escrito y material, con particular atención al análisis de la toponimia, con el fin de recuperar la visión que el campesinado tenía sobre los entornos que habitaba y cómo esa visión, y las formas en la que se expresaba, se fueron transformando con el paso del tiempo. Después de presentar sus marcos teóricos, el estudio hace un breve recorrido por las ideas fundamentales de uno y otro trabajo para, a continuación, considerar de qué manera contribuyen este tipo de aproximaciones a valorar la agencia del campesinado medieval. Finalmente, se realiza una breve reflexión crítica sobre la relevancia de esta línea de investigación.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Bailey, Mark, The English Manor c.1200 to c.1500, Manchester, Manchester University Press, 2002.

Baker, John y Brookes, Stuart, Beyond the Burghal Hidage: Anglo-Saxon Civil Defence in the Viking Age, Leiden, Brill, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004246058

Bender, Barbara, Landscape: Politics and Perspectives, Londres, Berg, 1993.

Bender, Barbara y Winer, Margot (eds.), Contested Landscapes: Movement, Exile and Place, Oxford, Berg, 2001.

rger, John, Ways of Seeing, Londres Penguin Books, 1972.

Berger, John, Pig Earth, Londres, Writers and Readers, 1979.

Blair, John, Building Anglo-Saxon England, Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400889907

Bonales Cortés, Jacinto, «Individualismo agrícola y comunidad rural en el Pirineo catalán y Andorra (siglos XVIII-XX)», en Rosa Congost y José Miguel Lana Berasain (eds.), Campos cerrados, debates abiertos. Análisis histórico y propiedad de la tierra en Europa (siglos XVI-XIX), Pamplona, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 2007; 141-‍172.

Brookes, Stuart, Economics and Social Change in Anglo-Saxon Kent. Landscapes, Communities and Exchange, Oxford, British Archaeological Reports, 2007. https://doi.org/10.30861/9781407300160

Brookes, Stuart y Mileson, Stephen, Peasant Perceptions of Landscape: Ewelme Hundred, South Oxfordshire, 500-‍1650, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2021.

Burkitt, Ian, «Relational agency: Relational sociology, agency and interaction», European Journal of Social Theory, 19/3 (Thosand Oaks, California, 2016): 322-‍339. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368431015591426

Chouquer, Gérard, Dominer et tenir la terre: dans le haut Moyen Âge, Tours, Presses universitaires François-Rabelais, 2020.

Clastres, Pierre, La Société contre l'État, París, Éditions de Minuit, 1974.

Cleaver, Frances, Development Through Bricolage. Rethinking Institutions for Natural Resource Management, Londres, Routledge, 2012.

Criado Boado, Felipe, «Clastres. Ayer, hoy, siempre», en Marcelo Campagno (ed.), Pierre Clastres y las sociedades antiguas, Buenos Aires, Miño y Dávila, 2014: 37-‍65.

Dyer, Chris, «English Peasant Buildings in the Later Middle Ages (1200-‍1500)», Medieval Archaeology, 30/1 (Londres, 1986): 19-‍45. https://doi.org/10.1080/00766097.1986.11735484

Dyer, Chris, «Living in peasant houses in late medieval England», Vernacular Architecture, 44/1 (York, 2013): 19-‍27. https://doi.org/10.1179/0305547713Z.00000000012

Escalona, Julio, «Dense Local Knowledge: Grounding Local to Supra-local Relationships in Tenth-Century Castile», en Julio Escalona, Orri Vestéinsson y Stuart Brookes (eds.), Polity and Neighbourhood in Early Medieval Europe, Turnhout, Brepols, 2019: 351-‍379. https://doi.org/10.1484/M.TMC-EB.5.116725

Escalona, Julio, «Towards and archaeology of state formation in North-Western Iberia», en Juan Antonio Quirós Castillo (ed.), Social Inequality in Early Medieval Europe. Local Societies and Beyond, Turnhout, Brepols, 2020: 33-‍53. https://doi.org/10.1484/M.HAMA-EB.5.118444

Faith, Rosamond, The English Peasantry and the Growth of Lordship, Leicester, Leicester University Press, 1997.

Gardiner, Mark, «Oral tradition, landscape and the social life of place-names», en Richard L. C. Jones y Sarah Semple (eds.), Sense of Place in Anglo-Saxon England, Donington, Shaun Tyas, 2012: 16-‍30.

Gelling, Margaret, Signposts to the Past: Place-Names and the History of England, Londres, Dent, 1978.

Gerrard, James, The Ruin of Roman Britain: an Archaeological Perspective, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139839129

González-Ruibal, Alfredo, An Archaeology of Resistance: Materiality and Time in an African Borderland, Lanham, MD, Rowman & Littlefield, 2014.

Griffin, Carl J., Protest, Politics and Work in Rural England, 1700-‍1850, Basingstoke, Palgrave MacMillan, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-37301-4

Hall, David, The Open Fields of England, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198702955.001.0001

Hamerow, Helena, Early Medieval Settlements and Society in Anglo-Saxon England, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199203253.001.0001

Hirsch, Eric y O'Hanlon, Michael (eds.), The Anthropology of Landscape: Perspectives on Place and Space, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1995.

Hooke, Della, The Landscape of Anglo-Saxon England, Leicester, Leicester University Press, 1998.

Hoskins, William G., The Making of the English Landscape, Londres, Hodder and Stoughton, 1955.

Hyams, Paul R., «Feud and the State in Late Anglo-Saxon England», Journal of British Studies, 40/1 (Chicago, Illinois, 2001): 1-‍43.

Ingold, Tim, The Perception of the Environment: Essays on Livelihood, Dwelling and Skill, Londres Routledge, 2000.

Johnson, Matthew, Ideas of Landscape, Oxford, Blackwell Publishing, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470773680

Johnson, Matthew, «Phenomenological Approaches in Landscape Archaeology», Annual Review of Anthropology, 41/1 (San Mateo, California, 2012): 269-‍284. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-092611-145840

Jones, Richard L. C., «Responding to Modern Flooding: Old English Place-Names as a Repository of Traditional Ecological Knowledge», Journal of Ecological Anthropology (en línea) 18/1 (2016), disponible en https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/jea/vol18/iss1/9/ https://doi.org/10.5038/2162-4593.18.1.9

Jones, Richard L. C. y Semple, Sarah, «Making sense of place in Anglo-Saxon England», en Richard L. C. Jones y Sarah Semple (eds.), Sense of Place in Anglo-Saxon England, Donington, Shaun Tyas, 2012a: 1-‍15.

Jones, Richard L. C.y Semple, Sarah (eds.), Sense of Place in Anglo-Saxon England, Donington, Shaun Tyas, 2012b.

Kane, Bronach C., Popular Memory and Gender in Medieval England. Men, Women, and Testimony in the Church Courts, c. 1200-1500, Woodbridge, The Boydell Press, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781787444706

Kilby, Susan, Peasant Perspectives on the Medieval Landscape: A study of three communities, Hatfield, University of Hertfordshire, 2020.

Lambert, Tom, «Public Order and State Violence. A View from Tenth-Century England», Radical History Review, 137 (Nueva York, 2020): 13-‍33. https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-8092750

Larrea, Juan José, «Lines Traced on Mountains: Delimitations and Territorial Disputes in the Western Pyrenees between the Ninth and Eleventh Centuries», en Isabel Alfonso, José M. Andrade Cernadas y André Evangelista Marques (eds.), Records and Processes of Dispute Settlement in Early Medieval Societies: Iberia and its European Context, Leiden, Brill, en prensa.

Lavelle, Ryan, Places of Contested Power. Conflict and Rebellion in England and France, 830-‍1150, Woodbridge, Boydell & Brewer, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781787448018

Long, Norman, Development Sociology: Actor Perspectives, Londres, Routledge, 2001.

Loveluck, Christopher, Northwestern Europe in the Early Middle Ages, c. AD 600-‍1150, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139794725 PMid:23428825

Massey, Doreen, Space, Place, Gender, Oxford, Polity Press, 1994.

McDonagh, Briony, «Making and Breaking Property: Negotiating Enclosure and Common Rights in Sixteenth-Century England», History Workshop Journal, 76/1 (Oxford, 2013): 32-‍56. https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbs054

Mees, Kate, Burial, Landscape and Identity in Early Medieval Wessex, Woodbridge, Boydell Press, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781787445581

Mendras, Henri, La fin des paysans, París, S.E.D.E.I.S., 1967.

Molyneaux, George, The Formation of the English Kingdom in the Tenth Century, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198717911.001.0001

Müller, Miriam, «A Divided Class? Peasants and Peasant Communities in Later Medieval England», en Chris Dyer (ed.), Rodney Hilton's Middle Ages, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2007: 115-‍131. https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtm025

Navickas, Katrina, «Protest History or the History of Protest?», History Workshop Journal, 73 (Oxford, 2012): 302-‍307. https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbr065

Oosthuizen, Susan, «Beyond hierarchy: the archaeology of collective governance», World Archaeology, 45/4 (Londres, 2013a): 714-‍729. https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2013.847634

Oosthuizen, Susan, Tradition and Transformation in Anglo-Saxon England. Archaeology, Common Rights and Landscape, Londres, Bloomsbury, 2013b.

Pears, Ben, Brown, Anthony G., Carroll, Jayne, Toms, Phillip, Wood, Jamie y Jones, Richard L. C., «Early Medieval Place-Names and Riverine Flood Histories: A New Approach and New Chronostratigraphic Records for Three English Rivers», European Journal of Archaeology, 23/3 (Londres, 2020): 381-‍405. https://doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2019.72

Provero, Luigi, Le parole dei sudditi. Azioni e scritture della politica contadina nel Duecento, Spoleto, Fondazione Centro Italizano di Studi sull'Alto Medioevo, 2012.

Quirós Castillo, Juan Antonio y Tejerizo-García, Carlos, «Filling the gap: Peasant Studies and the archaeology of medieval peasantry in light of the Northern Iberian evidence», Journal of Agrarian Change, 21/2 (Oxford, 2021): 377-‍395. https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.12393

Raftis, James A., Tenure and Mobility: Studies in the Social History of the Mediaeval English Village, Toronto, Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1964.

Razi, Zvi, «The Toronto school's reconstitution of medieval peasant society: a critical view», Past & Present, 85 (Oxford, 1979): 141-‍157. https://doi.org/10.1093/past/85.1.141

Readman, Paul, Storied Ground: Landscape and the Shaping of English National Identity, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108344043 PMCid:PMC6568050

Rembold, Ingrid, Conquest and Christianization. Saxony and the Carolingian World, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108164597

Ribot, Jesse C. y Peluso, Nancy L., «A Theory of Access», Rural Sociology, 68/2 (Columbia, Misuri, 2003): 153-‍181. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-0831.2003.tb00133.x

Rippon, Stephen, Beyond the Medieval Village. The Diversification of Landscape Character in Southern Britain, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2008.

Rippon, Stephen, Territoriality and the Early Medieval Landscape. The Countryside of the East Saxon Kingdom, Woodbridge, Boydell Press, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781787447813

Rippon, Stephen, Smart, Chris y Pears, Ben, The Fields of Britannia: Continuity and Change in the Late Roman and Early Medieval Landscape, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2015.

Sánchez León, Pablo, «El poder de la comunidad», en Ana Rodríguez (ed.), El lugar del campesino. En torno a la obra de Reyna Pastor, Valencia, Publicaciones de la Universidad de Valencia, 2007: 331-‍358.

Schofied, Phillipp R., «Peasants and the manor court: gossip and litigation in a Suffolk village at the close of the thirteenth century», Past & Present, 159/1 (Oxford, 1998): 3-‍42. https://doi.org/10.1093/past/159.1.3

Schofield, Phillipp R., Peasants and Historians: Debating the Medieval English Peasantry, Manchester, Manchester University Press, 2016.

Scott, James C., Domination and the Arts of Resistance. Hidden Transcripts, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1990.

Semple, Sarah, Perceptions of the Prehistoric in Anglo-Saxon England: Religion, Ritual and Rulership in the Landscape, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199683109.001.0001

Smith, Adam T., The Political Landscape. Constellations of Authority in Early Complex Polities, Berkeley, University of California Press, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520936997

Smith, Sally V., «Materializing resistant identities among the medieval peasantry. An examination of dress accesories from English rural settlement sites», Journal of Material Culture, 14/3 (Londres, 2009): 309-‍332. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359183509106423

Soja, Edward W., «The Socio-Spatial Dialectic», Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 70/2 (Washington D.C., 1980): 207-‍225. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1980.tb01308.x

Sutherland, Alister, «Susan Kilby. Peasant Perspectives on the Medieval Landscape: A Study of Three Communities. Studies in Regional and Local History 17. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press, 2020. p. 256. $37.95 (paper)», Journal of British Studies, 61/1 (Chicago, Illinois, 2022): 211-‍212. https://doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2021.149

Tejerizo-García, Carlos, «Susan Kilby. Peasant Perspectives on the Medieval Landscape: A study of three communities», Historia Agraria, 84 (Murcia, 2021): 271-‍275.

Thomas, Gabor, The later Anglo-Saxon settlement at Bishopstone. A downland manor in the making, Research Report (RR163), York, Council for British Archaeology, 2010.

Thomas, Gabor, «Life before the Minster: the Social Dynamics of Monastic Foundation at Anglo-Saxon Lyminge, Kent», The Antiquaries Journal, 93 (Londres 2013): 109-‍145. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003581513000206

Tilley, Christopher, A Phenomenology of Landscape: Places, Paths and Monuments, Oxford, Berg, 1994.

Tilley, Christopher y Cameron-Daum, Kate, An Anthropology of Landscape. The Extraordinary in the Ordinary, Londres, University College London Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1mtz542

Whyte, Nicola, «The after-life of barrows: prehistoric monuments in the Norfolk landscape», Landscape History, 25/1 (Abingdon, 2003): 5-‍16. https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2003.10594547

Whyte, Nicola, Inhabiting the Landscape: Place, Custom and Memory, 1500-‍1800, Oxford, Windgather Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv138wth1

Whyte, Nicola, «Custodians of Memory. Women and Custom in Rural England c. 1550-1700», Cultural and Social History, 8/2 (Londres, 2011): 153-‍173. https://doi.org/10.2752/147800411X12949180694263

Wickham, Chris, «Gossip and Resistance among the Medieval Peasantry», Past & Present, 160/1 (Oxford, 1998): 3-‍42. https://doi.org/10.1093/past/160.1.3

Wickham, Chris, Framing the Early Middle Ages. Europe and the Mediterranean, 400-‍800, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199264490.001.0001

Wood, Andy, «Subordination, Solidarity and the Limits of Popular Agency in a Yorkshire Valley c. 1596-1615», Past & Present, 193 (Oxford, 2006): 41-‍72. https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtl011

Wood, Andy, The Memory of the People. Custom and Popular Senses of the Past in Early Modern England, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139034739

Wrathmell, Stuart, A History of Wharram Percy and its Neighbours, York, University of York, 2012.